Pharmaceutical MDL-3140 Actively Recruiting Northern District of Florida

Depo-Provera Lawsuit (Meningioma Brain Tumor)

One of the fastest-growing MDLs in the federal court system. Plaintiffs allege that Pfizer's injectable contraceptive Depo-Provera caused meningioma brain tumors and that the company failed to warn about this risk for decades despite scientific evidence.

Last Updated: May 1, 2026
16 min read
JPML Data Verified
13 sources cited

Key Takeaways

  • 3,490 cases pending (3,790 unique plaintiffs) — filing rate of ~650 new cases/month
  • Daubert hearing June 24-26, 2026 (rescheduled from May) — first bellwether trial December 7, 2026
  • PTO 30: Preemption & Daubert rulings will apply to ALL cases in the MDL, not just pilot cases — meaning Judge Rodgers' upcoming decisions on Pfizer's two biggest defenses will determine the fate of every lawsuit at once
  • December 2025: FDA added meningioma warning — preemption motion fully briefed after supplemental round
  • BMJ study: 5.55x higher risk of meningioma; JAMA: 2.43x risk

May 2026 Updates Latest

3,769 cases now pending (3,547 total filings tracked), with new filings continuing at roughly ~650 cases per month. Daubert hearing rescheduled to June 24-26, 2026 — Judge Rodgers moved the 3-day general-causation hearing from its original May 26-28 setting due to a scheduling conflict. Daubert briefing is fully submitted, and the parties are now in the home stretch of expert preparation.

The preemption ruling remains the dominant near-term catalyst and as of early May 2026 has not yet issued. Under PTO 30 (Jan 27), Judge Rodgers' decision will apply to every case in the MDL — a binary, all-or-nothing gate following the FDA's December 2025 meningioma label change and the supplemental briefing that concluded February 27. The FDA warning is widely viewed as having materially weakened Pfizer's preemption posture. First bellwether trial (Blonski v. Pfizer) remains set for December 7, 2026, with plaintiff leadership reappointed through March 2027 (PTO 31).

What to watch next: Judge Rodgers' preemption ruling could land any day. If Pfizer loses, attention shifts to the rescheduled June 24-26 Daubert hearing, where the judge will decide whether plaintiffs' meningioma causation experts (BMJ 5.55x, JAMA 2.43x) can reach a jury at the December bellwether.

3,769
Pending Actions
5.55x
Risk (BMJ Study)
~650
Cases Filed/Month
Dec 2025
FDA Warning Added

Key Facts (May 2026)

Pending Actions 3,769+ cases in federal MDL
Total Actions Filed 3,835+ cases
Key Defendants Pfizer Inc., Viatris Inc.
Presiding Judge Hon. M. Casey Rodgers (N.D. Florida)
MDL Created February 7, 2025 (transferred by JPML)
Alleged Injury Meningioma (brain tumor)
FDA Warning Added December 12, 2025 (Supplement 74)
First Trial Date December 7-14, 2026 (bellwether)
Unique Plaintiffs 3,790 plaintiffs (as of March 6, 2026 — CMO 11)
Filing Rate ~650 new cases per month
Daubert Hearing June 24-26, 2026 (rescheduled from May 26-28)
State Court Cases 436+ cases (DE 287, NY 95, CA 39, IL 8, others)
Why this matters

Not every Depo-Provera lawsuit is in the federal MDL. Hundreds of additional cases have been filed in state courts, with Delaware's docket exploding from 55 to 287 cases in just six weeks. These cases run on their own schedules but are coordinated with the MDL through joint conferences. The total litigation picture is significantly larger than the federal case count alone suggests.

Lead Counsel Christopher Seeger; Co-Leads: Bryan Aylstock, Ellen Relkin
Can You Still File? Yes, lawsuits are actively being filed

NEW: FDA Meningioma Warning (December 12, 2025)

The FDA approved a new meningioma warning for Depo-Provera CI. The updated label now states:

"Meningioma: Discontinue Depo-Provera CI if meningioma is diagnosed. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of meningioma."

— FDA Prescribing Information, NDA 020246, Supplement 74

This warning comes more than 30 years after the drug's approval in 1992 and nearly two years after key scientific studies were published.

Rapid Case Growth

This MDL is one of the fastest-growing in the federal court system. Case count has increased nearly 3,873% since the MDL was created in February 2025.

Mar 25
78
Apr 25
289
May 25
236
Jun 25
348
Jul 25
435
Aug 25
550
Sep 25
806
Oct 25
1,222
Nov 25
1,225
Dec 25
1,470
Jan 26
1,752
Feb 26
2,098
Mar 26
3,099
Apr 26
3,490
May 26
3,769

Source: JPML MDL Statistics Reports, March 2025-May 2026

1 What Is This Lawsuit About?

Depo-Provera CI is an injectable contraceptive containing depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). Approved by the FDA in 1992, it is administered as an intramuscular injection every 3 months and is used by millions of women worldwide.

Plaintiffs in MDL-3140 allege that Pfizer knew or should have known about the link between DMPA and meningioma—a type of brain tumor—but failed to warn patients and healthcare providers for decades. The lawsuits claim this failure caused women to develop brain tumors that required surgery, radiation, or other invasive treatments.

The Safer Alternative Argument: Plaintiffs contend that Depo-SubQ Provera 104, a lower-dose subcutaneous formulation (104mg vs 150mg), may be safer but was not adequately promoted as an alternative.

2 Scientific Evidence

Two major peer-reviewed studies form the scientific foundation of this litigation:

1

BMJ Study (March 2024)

"Use of progestogens and the risk of intracranial meningioma: national case-control study"
Roland N, et al. BMJ. 2024;384:e078078 (PMID: 38537944)

5.55x
Odds ratio for injectable MPA
95% CI: 2.27-13.56
18,061
Meningioma surgery cases studied
French National Health Data (2009-2018)
2

JAMA Neurology Study (November 2025)

"Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Risk of Meningioma in the US"
Xiao T, et al. (Cleveland Clinic) JAMA Neurol. 2025;82(11):1094-1102 (PMID: 40892397)

2.43x
Relative risk for depot MPA
95% CI: 1.77-3.33
10.4M
Patients in study population
TriNetX US database (2004-2024)

Key finding: Risk was confined to patients with >4 years of exposure or those starting at ages >31 years.

3 What Is Meningioma?

According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), a meningioma is a primary central nervous system tumor arising from the meninges—the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It is the most common type of primary brain tumor, representing 41.7% of all brain tumors and 56.8% of non-malignant tumors.

Grade 1 (Low-Grade)

Most common type. Slow-growing cells with lowest recurrence risk. Often treated with surgery alone.

Grade 2 (Atypical)

Mid-grade tumors with higher recurrence risk. Subtypes include chordoid and clear cell variants.

Grade 3 (Malignant)

Fast-growing, cancerous tumors. Subtypes include papillary and rhabdoid. Require aggressive treatment.

Common Symptoms

  • Headaches (often worse in mornings)
  • Vision changes or loss
  • Hearing loss
  • Seizures
  • Confusion or memory issues
  • Weakness or numbness

Source: NCI-CONNECT, Meningioma: Diagnosis and Treatment

4 Regulatory & Legal Timeline

1959
Initial U.S. Approval

Medroxyprogesterone acetate first approved in the United States.

1992
Depo-Provera CI Approved

FDA approves NDA 020246 for contraception use (October 29, 1992). Priority review status granted.

2024
March 27, 2024
BMJ Study Published

Roland et al. publish case-control study showing 5.55x increased risk of meningioma with injectable MPA.

2025
February 7, 2025
JPML Creates MDL-3140

Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation transfers cases to Northern District of Florida.

In plain terms

When hundreds of similar lawsuits are filed across the country, a special panel of federal judges can combine them into one case in one courtroom for efficiency. That's what happened here — all the Depo-Provera brain tumor lawsuits filed in federal courts were sent to Judge Rodgers in Pensacola, Florida. Individual cases keep their identity, but the big legal questions are handled together.

2025
November 1, 2025
JAMA Study Published

Cleveland Clinic researchers publish US study showing 2.43x risk with depot MPA.

December 12, 2025
FDA Meningioma Warning Approved

FDA approves Supplement 74 adding meningioma warning to Depo-Provera CI prescribing information—33 years after initial approval.

In plain terms

For the first time ever, the drug's official label now warns doctors and patients that Depo-Provera is linked to brain tumors. This matters enormously for the lawsuit because Pfizer's main defense is that the FDA wouldn't have allowed a stronger warning. Now that the FDA has approved exactly that warning, Pfizer has a much harder time making that argument.

2026
January 1, 2026
Plaintiffs Serve Expert Disclosures

General causation expert reports served on Pfizer. Pfizer's expert disclosures followed on February 9.

In plain terms

Both sides formally identified the scientists and doctors who will testify about whether Depo-Provera can cause meningioma, and submitted detailed written reports explaining their opinions. This is when the scientific battle lines are officially drawn.

January 27, 2026
PTO 30: Rulings Apply to ALL MDL Cases

Court orders that preemption and Daubert rulings will bind every case in the MDL — not just pilot cases. Makes the preemption decision an all-or-nothing gate for the entire litigation.

In plain terms

Instead of testing legal arguments on just 5 cases first, the judge said her decisions on two key defense arguments will apply to everyone at once. If Pfizer convinces the judge that federal law prevents these lawsuits, every case in the MDL could be dismissed. If Pfizer loses that argument, every case moves forward together. This is the single most important ruling the judge will make before trial.

2026
February 27, 2026
Preemption Briefing Concludes

Supplemental preemption briefing—ordered after FDA's December 2025 label change—concludes. Motion fully briefed and under review by Judge Rodgers.

In plain terms

Pfizer's main defense is that the FDA controlled what warnings went on the drug label, so patients can't sue Pfizer under state law for failing to warn them. But when the FDA added a meningioma warning in December 2025, it undercut that argument — if the FDA was willing to approve the warning now, why couldn't Pfizer have added it years earlier? The judge asked both sides to submit new arguments addressing this, and those are now complete. Judge Rodgers is reviewing everything and her decision could come at any time.

2026
February-March 2026
Expert Depositions & Document Review

Expert depositions conducted Feb 28-Mar 20. Plaintiffs' team reviewed Pfizer's hard-copy documents in Kalamazoo, Michigan.

In plain terms

Both sides have hired scientific and medical experts to testify about whether Depo-Provera can cause brain tumors. During this period, lawyers questioned those experts under oath. Meanwhile, plaintiffs' attorneys traveled to Pfizer's facilities in Michigan to go through the company's internal paper records — looking for evidence of what Pfizer knew about the meningioma risk and when they knew it.

2026
March 20, 2026
PTO 31: Leadership Reappointed

Court reappoints plaintiff leadership through March 2027. Lead Counsel Christopher Seeger; Co-Leads Bryan Aylstock and Ellen Relkin. Court praised "exemplary" leadership work.

In plain terms

In a massive lawsuit like this, the judge appoints a small team of attorneys to make decisions and run the case on behalf of all plaintiffs. The judge reviewed their work over the past year, called it "exemplary," and kept the same team in place. This means there's stable, experienced leadership heading into the most critical phase of the litigation.

2026
June 24-26, 2026
Daubert Hearing (3-day) — Rescheduled from May 26-28

Three-day hearing on general causation experts, rescheduled by Judge Rodgers from the original May 26-28 setting due to a scheduling conflict. Daubert briefing is fully submitted. If plaintiffs' experts survive, the path to trial is largely clear.

In plain terms

Before a case can go to trial, the judge has to decide whether the scientific evidence is reliable enough to be presented to a jury. This 3-day hearing is where that happens. Pfizer will argue that plaintiffs' experts are using flawed science. Plaintiffs will argue the research (including the BMJ and JAMA studies) is more than strong enough. If the judge agrees with the plaintiffs, the case is on track for trial in December. If not, plaintiffs lose their ability to prove the connection between Depo-Provera and brain tumors.

December 7-14, 2026
First Bellwether Trial

First of five pilot cases scheduled for trial. Four additional bellwether trials to follow in January 2027.

In plain terms

A "bellwether" trial is a test case — one plaintiff's lawsuit goes to trial first so that both sides (and the judge) can see how a jury reacts to the evidence. The outcome doesn't legally bind the other 3,000+ cases, but it sets the tone. If the plaintiff wins a large verdict, it puts pressure on Pfizer to settle. If Pfizer wins, it strengthens their negotiating position. Five of these test trials are planned, starting with Blonski v. Pfizer in December.

5 About the Presiding Judge

Hon. M. Casey Rodgers

U.S. District Judge, Northern District of Florida

Judge Rodgers was selected to preside over MDL-3140. She previously presided over the 3M Combat Arms Earplug MDL—one of the largest mass tort litigations in U.S. history with over 300,000 claims—giving her extensive experience managing complex pharmaceutical and product liability multidistrict litigation.

Judge Rodgers holds joint case management conferences with state court judges from New York, Delaware, and California, reflecting the nationwide scope of the litigation. Special Master David Herndon assists with pilot case discovery scheduling.

6 Who May Qualify for a Lawsuit?

Eligibility Requirements

  • Used Depo-Provera or generic injectable medroxyprogesterone acetate
  • Diagnosed with meningioma (brain tumor) at any WHO grade
  • Required surgery, radiation, or other treatment for the tumor
  • Have medical records documenting Depo-Provera use and meningioma diagnosis
Higher Risk Groups per Studies: The JAMA study found risk was concentrated in women with >4 years of Depo-Provera use or those who started at age 31+. However, all Depo-Provera users who developed meningioma may be eligible.
Statute of Limitations: Time limits vary by state, typically 2-4 years from diagnosis or discovery of the connection to Depo-Provera. The recent FDA warning may affect when the "discovery clock" started for some plaintiffs.

Legal Representation for Depo-Provera Cases

SWMW Law logo

SWMW Law

"Because People Matter" • Est. 2012

$750 Million+ Recovered
100+ Years Exp.
Nationwide Service

SWMW Law is actively accepting Depo-Provera cases as part of MDL-3140. Representing women diagnosed with meningioma brain tumors after Depo-Provera use.

Why SWMW Law for Depo-Provera Cases:

  • Managing partners personally involved in every case
  • No upfront costs — contingency fee only
  • Will travel to meet clients anywhere in the U.S.
  • Cases typically filed within 2 weeks of first meeting
  • Actively handling cases in MDL-3140 litigation

Notable Case Results

$11.5M
Trial Verdict
U.S. Navy machinist mesothelioma case
$9.7M
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Free Case Evaluation

No upfront costs. Available 24/7.

Check Your Eligibility

Attorney advertising. Past results do not guarantee future outcomes. See disclaimer.

7 Defendants in This Litigation

Brand Manufacturer

Pfizer Inc.

NDA holder for Depo-Provera CI (NDA 020246). Manufacturer of the brand-name injectable contraceptive since 1992.

Generic Manufacturers

Viatris Inc.

Named defendant. Other generic manufacturers include Amneal, Amphastar, Eugia Pharma, and Xiromed.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does it take for meningioma to develop from Depo-Provera?

According to the 2025 JAMA Neurology study, increased risk was primarily seen in patients with more than 4 years of exposure. Meningiomas are typically slow-growing tumors that can take years to develop and become symptomatic. Some women are diagnosed years after stopping Depo-Provera use.

Are all meningiomas from Depo-Provera cancerous?

No. Most meningiomas (Grade 1) are non-malignant (non-cancerous), though they can still cause serious symptoms depending on their location and size. Only Grade 3 meningiomas are considered malignant. However, even non-malignant meningiomas often require surgery—brain surgery carries significant risks regardless of whether the tumor is cancerous.

Why did the FDA wait until 2025 to add the warning?

This is a central question in the litigation. Plaintiffs allege that Pfizer knew or should have known about the meningioma risk earlier but delayed seeking label changes. The warning was added 33 years after initial approval and nearly 2 years after the key BMJ study was published in March 2024.

Can I still take Depo-Provera?

Depo-Provera remains FDA-approved and available. The decision to use it should be made with your healthcare provider after discussing the risks and benefits. The 2025 JAMA study calculated a "number needed to harm" of 1,152, meaning the absolute risk is relatively low. However, the new FDA warning advises discontinuation if meningioma is diagnosed.

Does it cost anything to file a lawsuit?

Most Depo-Provera attorneys work on a contingency fee basis, meaning they only get paid if you win or settle your case. The fee is typically a percentage of the recovery. Initial consultations are usually free, allowing you to understand your options without any upfront cost.

What does "preemption" mean in this lawsuit?

Pfizer's biggest defense argument is called "federal preemption." In simple terms, Pfizer is saying: "The FDA controlled what we could put on our drug label, so you can't sue us under state law for not warning about meningioma — we couldn't have added that warning without FDA approval." Plaintiffs counter that Pfizer could have asked the FDA for a label change years earlier and chose not to. The fact that the FDA approved a meningioma warning in December 2025 significantly weakens Pfizer's position. Judge Rodgers' ruling on this issue will apply to every case in the MDL.

What is a Daubert hearing?

A Daubert hearing (named after a 1993 Supreme Court case) is where the judge acts as a gatekeeper for scientific evidence. Before expert testimony can be presented at trial, the judge must determine that the expert's methods are scientifically reliable. In this MDL, Pfizer is challenging the plaintiffs' experts who say Depo-Provera causes meningioma. The 3-day hearing was rescheduled by Judge Rodgers from the original May 26-28 setting and is now set for June 24-26, 2026. If plaintiffs' experts pass the test, the case proceeds toward trial. If they don't, plaintiffs lose a critical piece of their case.

What is a bellwether trial?

A bellwether trial is essentially a test run. Out of thousands of cases, a few are selected to go to trial first. The results don't technically apply to other cases, but they give both sides a preview of how juries will view the evidence. A big plaintiff verdict often leads to settlement negotiations. A defense win can slow momentum. In this MDL, five bellwether trials are planned, starting with Blonski v. Pfizer on December 7, 2026.

How does my individual case relate to the MDL?

Your case keeps its own identity, but the major legal questions — like whether Pfizer can use the preemption defense and whether the science is strong enough to prove causation — are being decided once for everyone. You don't need to do anything extra; the plaintiff leadership team handles these arguments on behalf of all cases. When it comes time for settlement negotiations or individual trials, your specific facts (how long you used Depo-Provera, the severity of your meningioma, your treatment history) will matter.

Understanding the Risk

Absolute vs. Relative Risk

While the studies show a 2-5x relative increase in risk, it's important to understand this in context. The JAMA Neurology study calculated:

Number Needed to Harm: 1,152

This means statistically, one additional meningioma case would be expected for every 1,152 patients using depot MPA compared to controls.

This does not diminish the serious harm suffered by those who developed meningioma, but it does explain why Depo-Provera remains available. The WHO continues to list injectable contraceptives on its Essential Medicines List, and for many women, the benefits of reliable contraception may outweigh the relatively small absolute risk.

Sources & References

13 official sources cited

• FDA Prescribing Information for Depo-Provera CI, December 12, 2025 (NDA 020246, Supplement 74)

• Roland N, et al. BMJ. 2024;384:e078078 (PMID: 38537944)

• Xiao T, et al. JAMA Neurol. 2025;82(11):1094-1102 (PMID: 40892397)

• Price M, et al. CBTRUS Statistical Report. Neuro Oncol. 2024;26(Suppl 6):vi1-vi85 (PMID: 39371035)

• NCI-CONNECT, Meningioma: Diagnosis and Treatment (cancer.gov)

• Northern District of Florida, MDL-3140 Official Court Page

• JPML MDL Statistics Reports, March 2025-May 2026

• Case Management Order No. 10 (January 26, 2026, N.D. Fla.)

• Case Management Order No. 11 (March 7, 2026, N.D. Fla.)

• Pretrial Order No. 30, Application of Rulings on Preemption and Rule 702 Motions (January 27, 2026, N.D. Fla.)

• Pretrial Order No. 31, Plaintiff Leadership Reappointments (March 20, 2026, N.D. Fla.)

• AboutLawsuits.com, "Depo-Provera Brain Tumor Lawsuit Trial December 2026," December 23, 2025

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