Depo-Provera Lawsuit
(Meningioma Brain Tumor)
One of the fastest-growing MDLs in the federal court system. Plaintiffs allege that Pfizer's injectable contraceptive Depo-Provera caused meningioma brain tumors and that the company failed to warn about this risk for decades despite scientific evidence.
Key Takeaways
- Global settlement in principle reached June 15, 2026. Pfizer, Pharmacia LLC, and Pharmacia & Upjohn Co. LLC reached an agreement with plaintiffs' lead counsel that would let eligible MDL plaintiffs resolve their claims. Terms have not been disclosed and the deal is not yet finalized
- First bellwether trial vacated; causation hearing reset. The first pilot trial (Toney v. Pfizer), set for December 7, 2026, had its deadlines vacated. The Daubert hearing moved from June 24-26 to July 27, 2026
- The agreement does not cover everyone. It is limited to eligible plaintiffs with cases pending in the federal MDL, will not resolve every case, and does not affect state-court filings. Pfizer states there is no admission of liability
- An unusually early resolution — reached before any ruling on Pfizer's federal-preemption motion, before the Daubert ruling, and before any bellwether trial. As of the June 2026 JPML report, 5,508 cases were pending (5,590 total filed)
- The scientific backbone is unchanged: BMJ 2024 (5.55x risk) and JAMA Neurology 2025 (2.43x risk), alongside the FDA's December 2025 meningioma label warning
Settlement Update — June 15, 2026 Breaking
Pfizer and plaintiffs' leadership reached a global settlement in principle. In an order entered June 15, 2026, Judge M. Casey Rodgers confirmed that plaintiffs' lead counsel and defendants Pfizer Inc., Pharmacia LLC, and Pharmacia & Upjohn Co. LLC told the court they had reached a global agreement that would give eligible plaintiffs with pending MDL cases an opportunity to resolve their claims. The financial terms have not been disclosed, and the parties are still working to memorialize the details.
What the order changed: the court vacated the trial and pretrial deadlines in the first bellwether case (Toney v. Pfizer), which had been scheduled for trial on December 7, 2026, and reset the general-causation (Daubert) hearing from June 24-26 to July 27, 2026 in Pensacola. The hearing remains on the calendar because the agreement, once finalized, will not resolve every case — only plaintiffs who meet the agreed eligibility criteria can participate, and the deal does not affect state-court cases. Pfizer states the agreement includes no admission of liability and maintains the drug is safe and effective.
Why it stands out: the agreement came unusually early — before any ruling on Pfizer's federal-preemption motion, before the Daubert ruling, and before any bellwether trial. It also follows a record month of filings: the docket surged +1,739 cases in June to reach 5,508 pending (5,590 total filed), the largest single-month jump in the MDL's history.
What to watch next: the parties are working to memorialize the settlement terms — the eligibility criteria, the amount, and the claims process, none of which have been made public. The reset general-causation hearing (July 27, 2026) remains relevant for any cases that fall outside the agreement, and the status of Pfizer's preemption motion is an open question. Read our full settlement news update →
Key Facts (June 2026)
| Pending Actions | 5,508+ cases in federal MDL |
| Total Actions Filed | 5,590+ cases |
| Settlement Status | Global agreement in principle reached June 15, 2026. Terms not disclosed; not yet finalized; eligibility criteria not yet public. |
| Key Defendants | Pfizer Inc., Pharmacia LLC, Pharmacia & Upjohn Co. LLC |
| Presiding Judge | Hon. M. Casey Rodgers (N.D. Florida) |
| MDL Created | February 7, 2025 (transferred by JPML) |
| Alleged Injury | Meningioma (brain tumor) |
| FDA Warning Added | December 12, 2025 (Supplement 74) |
| First Trial Date | Vacated June 15, 2026 (Toney v. Pfizer, was Dec 7, 2026) pending settlement |
| Unique Plaintiffs | 3,790 plaintiffs (as of March 6, 2026 — CMO 11) |
| Filing Rate | +1,739 in June 2026 (record month; ~650/mo prior) |
| Daubert Hearing | July 27, 2026, Pensacola (reset from June 24-26 by the June 15 order) |
| State Court Cases |
436+ cases (DE 287, NY 95, CA 39, IL 8, others)
Why this mattersNot every Depo-Provera lawsuit is in the federal MDL. Hundreds of additional cases have been filed in state courts, with Delaware's docket exploding from 55 to 287 cases in just six weeks. These cases run on their own schedules but are coordinated with the MDL through joint conferences. The total litigation picture is significantly larger than the federal case count alone suggests. |
| Lead Counsel | Christopher Seeger; Co-Leads: Bryan Aylstock, Ellen Relkin |
| Can You Still File? | Yes, lawsuits are actively being filed |
$ Depo-Provera Settlement: Current Status (2026)
Yes — there is a Depo-Provera settlement, but only at the earliest stage. On June 15, 2026, Judge M. Casey Rodgers entered an order confirming that Pfizer and the plaintiffs' leadership team reached a global settlement in principle in the federal Depo-Provera meningioma MDL (MDL-3140). The agreement would give eligible plaintiffs with cases pending in the MDL an opportunity to resolve their claims. It is not a finalized settlement, and it does not resolve every case.
How much is the Depo-Provera settlement?
No Depo-Provera settlement amount has been released. The court order confirming the agreement did not include a dollar figure, and neither an aggregate value nor any per-plaintiff or per-tier payout has been made public. Mass tort settlements of this kind are often structured in tiers that pay different amounts based on factors such as the severity of the injury and the treatment required, but the structure here has not been disclosed. We do not publish projected or estimated settlement figures, because doing so would not be grounded in any verified source. We will update this page when the parties memorialize the terms.
Who is eligible for the Depo-Provera settlement?
The court indicated that only plaintiffs who meet the eligibility criteria agreed by the parties will be able to participate, and those criteria have not yet been published. It is not yet clear how many of the 5,500-plus pending MDL cases will qualify. The agreement covers eligible plaintiffs with cases in the federal MDL only — it does not apply to Depo-Provera cases filed in state courts (in Delaware, New York, California, and elsewhere), which continue on their own schedules. Whether a newly filed case can join the program is one of the details still being worked out.
For the full breaking-news account of the agreement, what the order changed, and what Pfizer has said, read our Depo-Provera settlement news update. If you used Depo-Provera and were diagnosed with a meningioma, you can check your eligibility for free.
NEW: FDA Meningioma Warning (December 12, 2025)
The FDA approved a new meningioma warning for Depo-Provera CI. The updated label now states:
"Meningioma: Discontinue Depo-Provera CI if meningioma is diagnosed. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of meningioma."
— FDA Prescribing Information, NDA 020246, Supplement 74
This warning comes more than 30 years after the drug's approval in 1992 and nearly two years after key scientific studies were published.
Rapid Case Growth
This MDL is one of the fastest-growing in the federal court system. Case count has increased nearly 5,700% since the MDL was created in February 2025.
Source: JPML MDL Statistics Reports, March 2025-June 2026
1 What Is This Lawsuit About?
Depo-Provera CI is an injectable contraceptive containing depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). Approved by the FDA in 1992, it is administered as an intramuscular injection every 3 months and is used by millions of women worldwide.
Plaintiffs in MDL-3140 allege that Pfizer knew or should have known about the link between DMPA and meningioma—a type of brain tumor—but failed to warn patients and healthcare providers for decades. The lawsuits claim this failure caused women to develop brain tumors that required surgery, radiation, or other invasive treatments.
2 Scientific Evidence
Two major peer-reviewed studies form the scientific foundation of this litigation:
BMJ Study (March 2024)
"Use of progestogens and the risk of intracranial meningioma: national case-control study"
Roland N, et al. BMJ. 2024;384:e078078 (PMID: 38537944)
JAMA Neurology Study (November 2025)
"Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Risk of Meningioma in the US"
Xiao T, et al. (Cleveland Clinic) JAMA Neurol. 2025;82(11):1094-1102 (PMID: 40892397)
Key finding: Risk was confined to patients with >4 years of exposure or those starting at ages >31 years.
3 What Is Meningioma?
According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), a meningioma is a primary central nervous system tumor arising from the meninges—the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It is the most common type of primary brain tumor, representing 41.7% of all brain tumors and 56.8% of non-malignant tumors.
Grade 1 (Low-Grade)
Most common type. Slow-growing cells with lowest recurrence risk. Often treated with surgery alone.
Grade 2 (Atypical)
Mid-grade tumors with higher recurrence risk. Subtypes include chordoid and clear cell variants.
Grade 3 (Malignant)
Fast-growing, cancerous tumors. Subtypes include papillary and rhabdoid. Require aggressive treatment.
Common Symptoms
- Headaches (often worse in mornings)
- Vision changes or loss
- Hearing loss
- Seizures
- Confusion or memory issues
- Weakness or numbness
Source: NCI-CONNECT, Meningioma: Diagnosis and Treatment
4 Regulatory & Legal Timeline
Medroxyprogesterone acetate first approved in the United States.
FDA approves NDA 020246 for contraception use (October 29, 1992). Priority review status granted.
Roland et al. publish case-control study showing 5.55x increased risk of meningioma with injectable MPA.
Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation transfers cases to Northern District of Florida.
In plain terms
When hundreds of similar lawsuits are filed across the country, a special panel of federal judges can combine them into one case in one courtroom for efficiency. That's what happened here — all the Depo-Provera brain tumor lawsuits filed in federal courts were sent to Judge Rodgers in Pensacola, Florida. Individual cases keep their identity, but the big legal questions are handled together.
Cleveland Clinic researchers publish US study showing 2.43x risk with depot MPA.
FDA approves Supplement 74 adding meningioma warning to Depo-Provera CI prescribing information—33 years after initial approval.
In plain terms
For the first time ever, the drug's official label now warns doctors and patients that Depo-Provera is linked to brain tumors. This matters enormously for the lawsuit because Pfizer's main defense is that the FDA wouldn't have allowed a stronger warning. Now that the FDA has approved exactly that warning, Pfizer has a much harder time making that argument.
General causation expert reports served on Pfizer. Pfizer's expert disclosures followed on February 9.
In plain terms
Both sides formally identified the scientists and doctors who will testify about whether Depo-Provera can cause meningioma, and submitted detailed written reports explaining their opinions. This is when the scientific battle lines are officially drawn.
Court orders that preemption and Daubert rulings will bind every case in the MDL — not just pilot cases. Makes the preemption decision an all-or-nothing gate for the entire litigation.
In plain terms
Instead of testing legal arguments on just 5 cases first, the judge said her decisions on two key defense arguments will apply to everyone at once. If Pfizer convinces the judge that federal law prevents these lawsuits, every case in the MDL could be dismissed. If Pfizer loses that argument, every case moves forward together. This is the single most important ruling the judge will make before trial.
Supplemental preemption briefing—ordered after FDA's December 2025 label change—concludes. Motion fully briefed and under review by Judge Rodgers.
In plain terms
Pfizer's main defense is that the FDA controlled what warnings went on the drug label, so patients can't sue Pfizer under state law for failing to warn them. But when the FDA added a meningioma warning in December 2025, it undercut that argument — if the FDA was willing to approve the warning now, why couldn't Pfizer have added it years earlier? The judge asked both sides to submit new arguments addressing this, and those are now complete. Judge Rodgers is reviewing everything and her decision could come at any time.
Expert depositions conducted Feb 28-Mar 20. Plaintiffs' team reviewed Pfizer's hard-copy documents in Kalamazoo, Michigan.
In plain terms
Both sides have hired scientific and medical experts to testify about whether Depo-Provera can cause brain tumors. During this period, lawyers questioned those experts under oath. Meanwhile, plaintiffs' attorneys traveled to Pfizer's facilities in Michigan to go through the company's internal paper records — looking for evidence of what Pfizer knew about the meningioma risk and when they knew it.
Court reappoints plaintiff leadership through March 2027. Lead Counsel Christopher Seeger; Co-Leads Bryan Aylstock and Ellen Relkin. Court praised "exemplary" leadership work.
In plain terms
In a massive lawsuit like this, the judge appoints a small team of attorneys to make decisions and run the case on behalf of all plaintiffs. The judge reviewed their work over the past year, called it "exemplary," and kept the same team in place. This means there's stable, experienced leadership heading into the most critical phase of the litigation.
Judge Rodgers entered an order confirming that plaintiffs' lead counsel and the Pfizer defendants reached a global agreement in principle that would allow eligible MDL plaintiffs to resolve their claims. The court vacated the deadlines in the first bellwether case (Toney v. Pfizer) and reset the general-causation hearing to July 27, 2026. Settlement terms were not disclosed.
In plain terms
Before a single test trial took place, and before the judge ruled on Pfizer's main defenses, the two sides told the court they had agreed in principle on a way to resolve most of the cases. This is unusually fast for a mass tort this size. Nothing has been finalized yet, the dollar amounts have not been released, and only plaintiffs who meet the eligibility rules the parties agreed on will be able to take part. Cases filed in state courts are not part of this agreement.
Hearing on the plaintiffs' general-causation experts, reset by the June 15, 2026 settlement order from its prior June 24-26 setting. The hearing remains on the calendar because it stays relevant for any cases that fall outside the settlement agreement.
In plain terms
Before a case can go to trial, the judge has to decide whether the scientific evidence is reliable enough to be presented to a jury. This 3-day hearing is where that happens. Pfizer will argue that plaintiffs' experts are using flawed science. Plaintiffs will argue the research (including the BMJ and JAMA studies) is more than strong enough. If the judge agrees with the plaintiffs, the case is on track for trial in December. If not, plaintiffs lose their ability to prove the connection between Depo-Provera and brain tumors.
The first pilot trial (Toney v. Pfizer) had been set for December 7, 2026, with four more bellwethers to follow in January 2027. Judge Rodgers vacated the trial and pretrial deadlines in the June 15, 2026 order after the parties reported a global settlement in principle.
In plain terms
A "bellwether" trial is a test case — one plaintiff's lawsuit goes to trial first so that both sides (and the judge) can see how a jury reacts to the evidence. The outcome doesn't legally bind the other 3,000+ cases, but it sets the tone. If the plaintiff wins a large verdict, it puts pressure on Pfizer to settle. If Pfizer wins, it strengthens their negotiating position. Five test trials were planned, starting with Toney v. Pfizer in December — but those deadlines were vacated after the parties reached a global settlement in principle on June 15, 2026, before any test trial took place.
5 About the Presiding Judge
Hon. M. Casey Rodgers
U.S. District Judge, Northern District of Florida
Judge Rodgers was selected to preside over MDL-3140. She previously presided over the 3M Combat Arms Earplug MDL—one of the largest mass tort litigations in U.S. history with over 300,000 claims—giving her extensive experience managing complex pharmaceutical and product liability multidistrict litigation.
Judge Rodgers holds joint case management conferences with state court judges from New York, Delaware, and California, reflecting the nationwide scope of the litigation. Special Master David Herndon assists with pilot case discovery scheduling.
6 Who May Qualify for a Lawsuit?
Eligibility Requirements
- Used Depo-Provera or generic injectable medroxyprogesterone acetate
- Diagnosed with meningioma (brain tumor) at any WHO grade
- Required surgery, radiation, or other treatment for the tumor
- Have medical records documenting Depo-Provera use and meningioma diagnosis
7 Defendants in This Litigation
Brand Manufacturer
NDA holder for Depo-Provera CI (NDA 020246). Manufacturer of the brand-name injectable contraceptive since 1992.
Pfizer-Affiliated Co-Defendants
Named alongside Pfizer Inc. in the June 15, 2026 settlement order. The authorized-generic defendants (Prasco Laboratories, Greenstone LLC, and Viatris Inc.) were dismissed earlier in the litigation after submitting non-involvement affidavits.
Frequently Asked Questions
Has the Depo-Provera litigation settled?
The parties reached a global settlement in principle on June 15, 2026, and reported it to the court. That is an early-stage agreement, not a finalized settlement. The terms have not been disclosed, the eligibility criteria have not been made public, and the deal still needs to be memorialized and carried out. An agreement in principle means the two sides have agreed on the broad framework but are still working out the details.
How much is the Depo-Provera settlement?
No settlement amount has been released. The court order confirming the agreement did not include a dollar figure, and neither the total value nor any per-plaintiff or per-tier amounts have been made public. We do not publish projected or estimated settlement figures, because doing so would not be grounded in any verified source.
Does the settlement cover every Depo-Provera case?
No. The court indicated the agreement, once finalized, will not resolve every case in the MDL. Only plaintiffs who meet the eligibility criteria agreed by the parties will have the opportunity to resolve their claims through the program. The agreement also does not affect Depo-Provera cases filed in state courts, which run on their own schedules.
Did Pfizer admit the drug caused brain tumors?
No. Pfizer has stated that the agreement contains no admission of liability or wrongdoing, that it intends to continue defending any remaining claims, and that it maintains Depo-Provera is safe and effective. Settling a case in principle is not an admission of fault.
Can I still file a Depo-Provera lawsuit?
New cases continue to be filed. Whether a newly filed case would be eligible to participate in the MDL settlement program is one of the details that has not yet been made public. Deadlines to file vary by state, so anyone considering a claim should speak with a licensed attorney about the deadline that applies to them.
How long does it take for meningioma to develop from Depo-Provera?
According to the 2025 JAMA Neurology study, increased risk was primarily seen in patients with more than 4 years of exposure. Meningiomas are typically slow-growing tumors that can take years to develop and become symptomatic. Some women are diagnosed years after stopping Depo-Provera use.
Are all meningiomas from Depo-Provera cancerous?
No. Most meningiomas (Grade 1) are non-malignant (non-cancerous), though they can still cause serious symptoms depending on their location and size. Only Grade 3 meningiomas are considered malignant. However, even non-malignant meningiomas often require surgery—brain surgery carries significant risks regardless of whether the tumor is cancerous.
Why did the FDA wait until 2025 to add the warning?
This is a central question in the litigation. Plaintiffs allege that Pfizer knew or should have known about the meningioma risk earlier but delayed seeking label changes. The warning was added 33 years after initial approval and nearly 2 years after the key BMJ study was published in March 2024.
Can I still take Depo-Provera?
Depo-Provera remains FDA-approved and available. The decision to use it should be made with your healthcare provider after discussing the risks and benefits. The 2025 JAMA study calculated a "number needed to harm" of 1,152, meaning the absolute risk is relatively low. However, the new FDA warning advises discontinuation if meningioma is diagnosed.
Does it cost anything to file a lawsuit?
Most Depo-Provera attorneys work on a contingency fee basis, meaning they only get paid if you win or settle your case. The fee is typically a percentage of the recovery. Initial consultations are usually free, allowing you to understand your options without any upfront cost.
What does "preemption" mean in this lawsuit?
Pfizer's biggest defense argument is called "federal preemption." In simple terms, Pfizer is saying: "The FDA controlled what we could put on our drug label, so you can't sue us under state law for not warning about meningioma — we couldn't have added that warning without FDA approval." Plaintiffs counter that Pfizer could have asked the FDA for a label change years earlier and chose not to. The fact that the FDA approved a meningioma warning in December 2025 significantly weakens Pfizer's position. Judge Rodgers' ruling on this issue will apply to every case in the MDL.
What is a Daubert hearing?
A Daubert hearing (named after a 1993 Supreme Court case) is where the judge acts as a gatekeeper for scientific evidence. Before expert testimony can be presented at trial, the judge must determine that the expert's methods are scientifically reliable. In this MDL, Pfizer is challenging the plaintiffs' experts who say Depo-Provera causes meningioma. The hearing was reset by the June 15, 2026 settlement order and is now set for July 27, 2026 in Pensacola. It remains on the calendar because it stays relevant for any cases that fall outside the settlement agreement.
What is a bellwether trial?
A bellwether trial is essentially a test run. Out of thousands of cases, a few are selected to go to trial first. The results don't technically apply to other cases, but they give both sides a preview of how juries will view the evidence. A big plaintiff verdict often leads to settlement negotiations. In this MDL, five bellwether trials were planned, starting with Toney v. Pfizer on December 7, 2026 — but the parties reached a global settlement in principle on June 15, 2026, before any test trial, and Judge Rodgers vacated the first trial's deadlines.
How does my individual case relate to the MDL?
Your case keeps its own identity, but the major legal questions — like whether Pfizer can use the preemption defense and whether the science is strong enough to prove causation — are being decided once for everyone. You don't need to do anything extra; the plaintiff leadership team handles these arguments on behalf of all cases. When it comes time for settlement negotiations or individual trials, your specific facts (how long you used Depo-Provera, the severity of your meningioma, your treatment history) will matter.
Understanding the Risk
Absolute vs. Relative Risk
While the studies show a 2-5x relative increase in risk, it's important to understand this in context. The JAMA Neurology study calculated:
This means statistically, one additional meningioma case would be expected for every 1,152 patients using depot MPA compared to controls.
This does not diminish the serious harm suffered by those who developed meningioma, but it does explain why Depo-Provera remains available. The WHO continues to list injectable contraceptives on its Essential Medicines List, and for many women, the benefits of reliable contraception may outweigh the relatively small absolute risk.
Sources & References
14 official sources cited• FDA Prescribing Information for Depo-Provera CI, December 12, 2025 (NDA 020246, Supplement 74)
• Roland N, et al. BMJ. 2024;384:e078078 (PMID: 38537944)
• Xiao T, et al. JAMA Neurol. 2025;82(11):1094-1102 (PMID: 40892397)
• Price M, et al. CBTRUS Statistical Report. Neuro Oncol. 2024;26(Suppl 6):vi1-vi85 (PMID: 39371035)
• NCI-CONNECT, Meningioma: Diagnosis and Treatment (cancer.gov)
• Northern District of Florida, MDL-3140 Official Court Page
• JPML MDL Statistics Reports, March 2025-June 2026
• Case Management Order No. 10 (January 26, 2026, N.D. Fla.)
• Case Management Order No. 11 (March 7, 2026, N.D. Fla.)
• Pretrial Order No. 30, Application of Rulings on Preemption and Rule 702 Motions (January 27, 2026, N.D. Fla.)
• Pretrial Order No. 31, Plaintiff Leadership Reappointments (March 20, 2026, N.D. Fla.)
• Order re: Global Settlement in Principle, In re: Depo-Provera (Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate) Products Liability Litigation, MDL No. 3140, No. 3:25-md-03140 (N.D. Fla. June 15, 2026) — bellwether deadlines vacated; Rule 702 hearing reset
• Law360, coverage of the June 15, 2026 Depo-Provera MDL settlement filing and Pfizer statement (June 2026)
Attorney Advertising. The information on this page is provided for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. No attorney-client relationship is created by accessing or using this content.
Every case is unique, and results depend on the specific facts and circumstances involved. Past settlement amounts and case outcomes do not guarantee similar results in your case. If you believe you have a legal claim, you should consult with a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction who can evaluate your specific situation.