Pharmaceutical MDL-3140 Actively Recruiting • Northern District of Florida

Depo-Provera Lawsuit (Meningioma Brain Tumor)

One of the fastest-growing MDLs in the federal court system. Plaintiffs allege that Pfizer's injectable contraceptive Depo-Provera caused meningioma brain tumors and that the company failed to warn about this risk for decades despite scientific evidence.

Last Updated: October 1, 2026
16 min read
JPML Data Verified
19 sources cited

Key Takeaways

  • Master Settlement Agreement signed July 21, 2026. It follows the global settlement in principle that Pfizer, Pharmacia LLC, and Pharmacia & Upjohn Co. LLC reported with plaintiffs' lead counsel on June 15. The terms are confidential. Eligible claimants must register by November 30, 2026, and payments are expected to begin rolling out by the first quarter of 2027
  • First bellwether trial vacated; causation hearing reset. The first pilot trial (Toney v. Pfizer), set for December 7, 2026, had its deadlines vacated. The Daubert hearing moved from June 24-25 to July 27, but July 27 was held as a case management conference; CMO 12 set the general-causation hearing for September 18, 2026
  • The agreement does not cover everyone. It covers a majority of the claims in the MDL and New York state court, and the parties estimate about 80% of MDL plaintiffs are eligible. Its no-fee docket is open only to eligible claimants who signed with a lawyer on or before June 11, 2026. Pfizer states there is no admission of liability
  • An unusually early resolution — reached before any ruling on Pfizer's federal-preemption motion, before the Daubert ruling, and before any bellwether trial. As of the October 2026 JPML report, 6,412 cases were pending (6,524 total filed)
  • The scientific backbone is unchanged: BMJ 2024 (5.55x risk) and JAMA Neurology 2025 (2.43x risk), alongside the FDA's December 2025 meningioma label warning

Settlement Update — October 2026 Agreement signed

Jul 21, 2026
Agreement signed
Nov 30, 2026
Registration deadline
Confidential
Settlement terms
No admission
Of liability (Pfizer)
Master agreement signed

The parties signed a Master Settlement Agreement on July 21, 2026. It follows the global settlement in principle that Judge M. Casey Rodgers confirmed in a June 15, 2026 order, after plaintiffs' lead counsel and defendants Pfizer Inc., Pharmacia LLC, and Pharmacia & Upjohn Co. LLC reported it to the court. The agreement is private and confidential, and no settlement amount has been disclosed. The parties estimate that about 80% of MDL plaintiffs are eligible. Under CMO 14, eligible claimants must register by November 30, 2026, and CMO 12 expects payments to begin rolling out by the first quarter of 2027. BrownGreer PLC is the Settlement Administrator.

July–September 2026: agreement signed and registration deadline set

Since June 15: the parties signed the Master Settlement Agreement on July 21, 2026. July 27 was the court's 12th case management conference, not a Daubert hearing. CMO 12 set the general-causation (Rule 702) hearing for September 18, 2026, created a no-fee administrative docket, and said preemption and causation rulings will apply only to ineligible plaintiffs and opt-outs. Because this is not a class action, there is no court fairness review. CMO 13 (August 5) appointed BrownGreer PLC as Settlement Administrator. CMO 14 (August 10) set the November 30, 2026 registration deadline, stayed all other MDL proceedings, and limited the administrative docket to eligible claimants who signed with a lawyer on or before June 11, 2026. Common Benefit Order 2 (August 28) set a 7% common benefit assessment taken only from lawyers' fees, and CMOs 15–17 (September 4) named Matt Garretson to allocate a Supplemental Compensation Fund and Randall Sansom CPA as settlement-fund administrator, with BrownGreer also handling medical liens.

What the June 15 order changed

What the order changed: the court vacated the trial and pretrial deadlines in the first bellwether case (Toney v. Pfizer), which had been scheduled for trial on December 7, 2026. The court also postponed the preemption ruling and moved the general-causation (Daubert) hearing from June 24-25 to July 27, 2026 (PTO 30A). The causation question stayed open because the agreement does not resolve every case: only plaintiffs who meet the agreed eligibility criteria can participate. Pfizer states the agreement includes no admission of liability and maintains the drug is safe and effective.

Why an early settlement stands out — and the record June filings

Why it stands out: the agreement came unusually early — before any ruling on Pfizer's federal-preemption motion, before the Daubert ruling, and before any bellwether trial. It also follows a record month of filings: the docket surged +1,739 cases in June to reach 5,508 pending (5,590 total filed), the largest single-month jump in the MDL's history.

What to watch next

What to watch next: the November 30, 2026 registration deadline for eligible claimants (CMO 14); status conferences set for October 16, November 20 and December 18, 2026 (PTO 28; dates can change); and the start of payments, which CMO 12 expects by the first quarter of 2027. Under CMO 14, non-settling, ineligible and newly filed plaintiffs must send records-preservation notices within 60 days, serve case-specific expert reports within 90 days, mediate, and attend an in-person conference in Pensacola. Read our June 2026 settlement news update →

6,412
Pending Actions
5.55x
Risk (BMJ Study)
Signed
Settlement (Jul 21, 2026)
Dec 2025
FDA Warning Added

Key Facts (October 2026)

Pending Actions 6,412+ cases in federal MDL
Total Actions Filed 6,524+ cases
Settlement Status Master Settlement Agreement signed July 21, 2026 (settlement in principle reported June 15). Terms confidential; registration deadline November 30, 2026 (CMO 14); BrownGreer PLC is Settlement Administrator.
Key Defendants Pfizer Inc., Pharmacia LLC, Pharmacia & Upjohn Co. LLC
Presiding Judge Hon. M. Casey Rodgers (N.D. Florida)
MDL Created February 7, 2025 (transferred by JPML)
Alleged Injury Meningioma (brain tumor)
FDA Warning Added December 12, 2025 (Supplement 74)
First Trial Date Vacated June 15, 2026 (Toney v. Pfizer, was Dec 7, 2026) after the settlement in principle
Court-Reported Actions 6,289 federal actions (CMO 12, July 2026)
Filing Rate +9 in the October 2026 report (down from +109 in September; record +1,739 in June 2026)
General-Causation Hearing Set for September 18, 2026 by CMO 12. The June 15 order had moved it from June 24-25 to July 27, which was held as a case management conference.
State Court Cases As of CMO 12 (July 2026): DE 410, NY 129, CA 118, MN 72 (6,899 plaintiffs), CT 13 (76 plaintiffs), IL 12
Why this matters

Not every Depo-Provera lawsuit is in the federal MDL. State courts in Delaware, New York, California, Minnesota, Connecticut and Illinois also have cases, and Minnesota's 72 cases alone involve 6,899 plaintiffs. The settlement covers a majority of the claims in the MDL and New York state court. State courts in New York, Delaware and California coordinate with the MDL through joint conferences. The total litigation picture is significantly larger than the federal case count alone suggests.

Lead Counsel Christopher Seeger; Co-Leads: Bryan Aylstock, Ellen Relkin
Can You Still File? Yes, but the settlement's no-fee docket is limited to eligible claimants who signed with a lawyer on or before June 11, 2026; new filers face added CMO 14 requirements

$ Depo-Provera Settlement: Current Status (2026)

Yes — there is a Depo-Provera settlement. On June 15, 2026, Judge M. Casey Rodgers entered an order confirming that Pfizer and the plaintiffs' leadership team had reached a global settlement in principle in the federal Depo-Provera meningioma MDL (MDL-3140), and the parties signed a Master Settlement Agreement on July 21, 2026. The deal covers "a majority of the claims in the MDL and New York state court," and the parties estimate that about 80% of MDL plaintiffs are eligible. It does not resolve every case.

Settlement amount
Not disclosed
Status
Signed July 21, 2026
Registration deadline
November 30, 2026

How much is the Depo-Provera settlement?

No Depo-Provera settlement amount has been released. CMO 12 describes the agreement as private and confidential, and neither an aggregate value nor any per-plaintiff payout has been made public. In its second-quarter 10-Q, Pfizer said the terms are "not material to the Company's liquidity or financial condition" and did not disclose an amount. We do not publish projected or estimated settlement figures, because doing so would not be grounded in any verified source.

Who is eligible for the Depo-Provera settlement?

Only claimants who meet the eligibility criteria agreed by the parties can participate. The agreement itself is confidential, so the full criteria have not been made public, but the parties estimate that about 80% of MDL plaintiffs are eligible. Under CMO 14 (August 10, 2026), the settlement's no-fee administrative docket is open only to eligible claimants who signed with a lawyer on or before June 11, 2026, and eligible claimants must register by November 30, 2026. Plaintiffs who are ineligible because of when they filed ("Limitations") or when they were diagnosed relative to their last use ("Latency") are treated as separate groups.

CMO 14 also sets deadlines for plaintiffs who remain in litigation. Non-settling, ineligible and newly filed plaintiffs must send records-preservation notices within 60 days, serve case-specific expert reports within 90 days, mediate, and attend an in-person conference in Pensacola. New filers diagnosed before March 27, 2024 must also file a statute-of-limitations certification within 30 days.

For our June 2026 account of the settlement in principle, what the order changed, and what Pfizer said, read our Depo-Provera settlement news update. If you used Depo-Provera and were diagnosed with a meningioma, you can check your eligibility for free.

NEW: FDA Meningioma Warning (December 12, 2025)

The FDA approved a new meningioma warning for Depo-Provera CI. The updated label now states:

"Meningioma: Discontinue Depo-Provera CI if meningioma is diagnosed. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of meningioma."

— FDA Prescribing Information, NDA 020246, Supplement 74

This warning comes more than 30 years after the drug's approval in 1992 and nearly two years after key scientific studies were published.

Rapid Case Growth

This MDL has been one of the fastest-growing in the federal court system. Case count has increased more than 8,100% since the MDL was created in February 2025, though growth slowed sharply after the settlement (+9 in the October 2026 report).

Mar 25
78
Apr 25
289
May 25
236
Jun 25
348
Jul 25
435
Aug 25
550
Sep 25
806
Oct 25
1,222
Nov 25
1,225
Dec 25
1,470
Jan 26
1,752
Feb 26
2,098
Mar 26
3,099
Apr 26
3,490
May 26
3,769
Jun 26
5,508
Jul 26
5,830
Aug 26
6,294
Sep 26
6,403
Oct 26
6,412

Source: JPML MDL Statistics Reports, March 2025-October 2026

1 What Is This Lawsuit About?

Depo-Provera CI is an injectable contraceptive containing depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). Approved by the FDA in 1992, it is administered as an intramuscular injection every 3 months and is used by millions of women worldwide.

Plaintiffs in MDL-3140 allege that Pfizer knew or should have known about the link between DMPA and meningioma—a type of brain tumor—but failed to warn patients and healthcare providers for decades. The lawsuits claim this failure caused women to develop brain tumors that required surgery, radiation, or other invasive treatments.

The Safer Alternative Argument: Plaintiffs contend that Depo-SubQ Provera 104, a lower-dose subcutaneous formulation (104mg vs 150mg), may be safer but was not adequately promoted as an alternative.

2 Scientific Evidence

Two major peer-reviewed studies form the scientific foundation of this litigation:

1

BMJ Study (March 2024)

"Use of progestogens and the risk of intracranial meningioma: national case-control study"
Roland N, et al. BMJ. 2024;384:e078078 (PMID: 38537944)

5.55x
Odds ratio for injectable MPA
95% CI: 2.27-13.56
18,061
Meningioma surgery cases studied
French National Health Data (2009-2018)
2

JAMA Neurology Study (November 2025)

"Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Risk of Meningioma in the US"
Xiao T, et al. (Cleveland Clinic) JAMA Neurol. 2025;82(11):1094-1102 (PMID: 40892397)

2.43x
Relative risk for depot MPA
95% CI: 1.77-3.33
10.4M
Patients in study population
TriNetX US database (2004-2024)

Key finding: Risk was confined to patients with >4 years of exposure or those starting at ages >31 years.

3 What Is Meningioma?

According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), a meningioma is a primary central nervous system tumor arising from the meninges—the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. It is the most common type of primary brain tumor, representing 41.7% of all brain tumors and 56.8% of non-malignant tumors.

Grade 1 (Low-Grade)

Most common type. Slow-growing cells with lowest recurrence risk. Often treated with surgery alone.

Grade 2 (Atypical)

Mid-grade tumors with higher recurrence risk. Subtypes include chordoid and clear cell variants.

Grade 3 (Malignant)

Fast-growing, cancerous tumors. Subtypes include papillary and rhabdoid. Require aggressive treatment.

Common Symptoms

  • Headaches (often worse in mornings)
  • Vision changes or loss
  • Hearing loss
  • Seizures
  • Confusion or memory issues
  • Weakness or numbness

Source: NCI-CONNECT, Meningioma: Diagnosis and Treatment

4 Regulatory & Legal Timeline

1959
Initial U.S. Approval

Medroxyprogesterone acetate first approved in the United States.

1992
Depo-Provera CI Approved

FDA approves NDA 020246 for contraception use (October 29, 1992). Priority review status granted.

2024
March 27, 2024
BMJ Study Published

Roland et al. publish case-control study showing 5.55x increased risk of meningioma with injectable MPA.

2025
February 7, 2025
JPML Creates MDL-3140

Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation transfers cases to Northern District of Florida.

In plain terms

When hundreds of similar lawsuits are filed across the country, a special panel of federal judges can combine them into one case in one courtroom for efficiency. That's what happened here — all the Depo-Provera brain tumor lawsuits filed in federal courts were sent to Judge Rodgers in Pensacola, Florida. Individual cases keep their identity, but the big legal questions are handled together.

2025
November 1, 2025
JAMA Study Published

Cleveland Clinic researchers publish US study showing 2.43x risk with depot MPA.

December 12, 2025
FDA Meningioma Warning Approved

FDA approves Supplement 74 adding meningioma warning to Depo-Provera CI prescribing information—33 years after initial approval.

In plain terms

For the first time ever, the drug's official label now warns doctors and patients that Depo-Provera is linked to brain tumors. This matters enormously for the lawsuit because Pfizer's main defense is that the FDA wouldn't have allowed a stronger warning. Now that the FDA has approved exactly that warning, Pfizer has a much harder time making that argument.

2026
January 1, 2026
Plaintiffs Serve Expert Disclosures

General causation expert reports served on Pfizer. Pfizer's expert disclosures followed on February 9.

In plain terms

Both sides formally identified the scientists and doctors who will testify about whether Depo-Provera can cause meningioma, and submitted detailed written reports explaining their opinions. This is when the scientific battle lines are officially drawn.

January 27, 2026
PTO 30: Rulings Apply to ALL MDL Cases

Court orders that preemption and Daubert rulings will bind every case in the MDL — not just pilot cases. Makes the preemption decision an all-or-nothing gate for the entire litigation. Since changed: under CMO 12 (July 2026), those rulings will apply only to ineligible plaintiffs and opt-outs.

In plain terms

Instead of testing legal arguments on just 5 cases first, the judge said in January that her decisions on two key defense arguments would apply to everyone at once. That changed after the settlement: the preemption ruling was postponed in June, and under CMO 12 those rulings will now apply only to plaintiffs who are ineligible for the settlement or opt out of it.

2026
February 27, 2026
Preemption Briefing Concludes

Supplemental preemption briefing—ordered after FDA's December 2025 label change—concludes. Motion fully briefed and under review by Judge Rodgers.

In plain terms

Pfizer's main defense is that the FDA controlled what warnings went on the drug label, so patients can't sue Pfizer under state law for failing to warn them. But when the FDA added a meningioma warning in December 2025, it undercut that argument — if the FDA was willing to approve the warning now, why couldn't Pfizer have added it years earlier? The judge asked both sides to submit new arguments addressing this, and that briefing finished in February. On June 15, 2026, the court postponed the ruling (PTO 30A), and under CMO 12 it will apply only to ineligible plaintiffs and opt-outs.

2026
February-March 2026
Expert Depositions & Document Review

Expert depositions conducted Feb 28-Mar 20. Plaintiffs' team reviewed Pfizer's hard-copy documents in Kalamazoo, Michigan.

In plain terms

Both sides have hired scientific and medical experts to testify about whether Depo-Provera can cause brain tumors. During this period, lawyers questioned those experts under oath. Meanwhile, plaintiffs' attorneys traveled to Pfizer's facilities in Michigan to go through the company's internal paper records — looking for evidence of what Pfizer knew about the meningioma risk and when they knew it.

2026
March 20, 2026
PTO 31: Leadership Reappointed

Court reappoints plaintiff leadership through March 2027. Lead Counsel Christopher Seeger; Co-Leads Bryan Aylstock and Ellen Relkin. Court praised "exemplary" leadership work.

In plain terms

In a massive lawsuit like this, the judge appoints a small team of attorneys to make decisions and run the case on behalf of all plaintiffs. The judge reviewed their work over the past year, called it "exemplary," and kept the same team in place. This means there's stable, experienced leadership heading into the most critical phase of the litigation.

★
June 15, 2026
Global Settlement in Principle

Judge Rodgers entered an order confirming that plaintiffs' lead counsel and the Pfizer defendants reached a global agreement in principle that would allow eligible MDL plaintiffs to resolve their claims. The court vacated the deadlines in the first bellwether case (Toney v. Pfizer), postponed the preemption ruling, and moved the general-causation hearing from June 24-25 to July 27, 2026 (PTO 30A). Settlement terms were not disclosed.

In plain terms

Before a single test trial took place, and before the judge ruled on Pfizer's main defenses, the two sides told the court they had agreed in principle on a way to resolve most of the cases. This is unusually fast for a mass tort this size. The final agreement was signed on July 21, 2026. The dollar amounts have not been released, and only plaintiffs who meet the eligibility rules the parties agreed on can take part. The deal also covers a majority of the claims in New York state court.

2026
July 21, 2026
Master Settlement Agreement Signed

The parties signed the Master Settlement Agreement, which covers a majority of the claims in the MDL and New York state court. The parties estimate that about 80% of MDL plaintiffs are eligible. The agreement is private and confidential, and no amount has been disclosed; Pfizer's second-quarter 10-Q describes the terms as "not material to the Company's liquidity or financial condition."

2026
July 27, 2026
12th Case Management Conference (CMO 12)

July 27 was held as the court's 12th case management conference, not a Daubert hearing. CMO 12 set the general-causation (Rule 702) hearing for September 18, 2026, after that day's status conference, and created a no-fee administrative docket for the settlement. It said registration would be completed in November 2026, that payments would begin rolling out by the first quarter of 2027, and that preemption and causation rulings will apply only to ineligible plaintiffs and opt-outs. Three new pilot cases (Yeager, Davis and Ponder) were placed on a statute-of-limitations track.

In plain terms

This conference was about carrying out the settlement, not testing the science. Because the case is an MDL rather than a class action, there is no court fairness review of the deal. The scientific "gatekeeper" question, whether the evidence that Depo-Provera causes meningioma is reliable enough for a jury, still matters, but only for plaintiffs who are ineligible for the settlement or opt out of it.

2026
August 5 & 10, 2026
Administrator Named; Registration Deadline Set (CMOs 13 & 14)

CMO 13 appointed BrownGreer PLC as Settlement Administrator. CMO 14 set a November 30, 2026 registration deadline, stayed all other MDL proceedings, and opened the administrative docket only to eligible claimants who signed with a lawyer on or before June 11, 2026. Non-settling, ineligible and newly filed plaintiffs must send records-preservation notices within 60 days, serve case-specific expert reports within 90 days, mediate, and attend an in-person conference in Pensacola.

In plain terms

These orders turned the settlement into a working claims program with a firm deadline. People who are ineligible because of when they filed ("Limitations") or when they were diagnosed relative to their last use ("Latency") are handled as separate groups. New filers diagnosed before March 27, 2024 must also file a statute-of-limitations certification within 30 days.

2026
August 28 & September 4, 2026
Fee and Fund Orders

Common Benefit Order 2 set a 7% common benefit assessment taken only from lawyers' fees. CMOs 15–17 named Matt Garretson to allocate a Supplemental Compensation Fund and Randall Sansom CPA as settlement-fund administrator, with BrownGreer also handling medical liens.

Vacated (was December 7, 2026)
First Bellwether Trial — Vacated by Settlement

The first pilot trial (Toney v. Pfizer) had been set for December 7, 2026, with four more bellwethers to follow in January 2027. Judge Rodgers vacated the trial and pretrial deadlines in the June 15, 2026 order after the parties reported a global settlement in principle.

In plain terms

A "bellwether" trial is a test case — one plaintiff's lawsuit goes to trial first so that both sides (and the judge) can see how a jury reacts to the evidence. The outcome doesn't legally bind the thousands of other cases, but it sets the tone. If the plaintiff wins a large verdict, it puts pressure on Pfizer to settle. If Pfizer wins, it strengthens their negotiating position. Five test trials were planned, starting with Toney v. Pfizer in December — but those deadlines were vacated after the parties reached a global settlement in principle on June 15, 2026, before any test trial took place.

5 About the Presiding Judge

Hon. M. Casey Rodgers

U.S. District Judge, Northern District of Florida

Judge Rodgers was selected to preside over MDL-3140. She previously presided over the 3M Combat Arms Earplug MDL—one of the largest mass tort litigations in U.S. history with over 300,000 claims—giving her extensive experience managing complex pharmaceutical and product liability multidistrict litigation.

Judge Rodgers holds joint case management conferences with state court judges from New York, Delaware, and California, reflecting the nationwide scope of the litigation. Special Master David Herndon assists with pilot case discovery scheduling.

6 Who May Qualify for a Lawsuit?

Eligibility Requirements

  • Used Depo-Provera or generic injectable medroxyprogesterone acetate
  • Diagnosed with meningioma (brain tumor) at any WHO grade
  • Required surgery, radiation, or other treatment for the tumor
  • Have medical records documenting Depo-Provera use and meningioma diagnosis
Higher Risk Groups per Studies: The JAMA study found risk was concentrated in women with >4 years of Depo-Provera use or those who started at age 31+. However, all Depo-Provera users who developed meningioma may be eligible.
Statute of Limitations: Time limits vary by state, commonly 1 to 6 years, and states differ on when the clock starts. In this MDL, CMO 14 requires new filers diagnosed before March 27, 2024 to file a statute-of-limitations certification within 30 days.

7 Defendants in This Litigation

Brand Manufacturer

Pfizer Inc.

NDA holder for Depo-Provera CI (NDA 020246). Manufacturer of the brand-name injectable contraceptive since 1992.

Pfizer-Affiliated Co-Defendants

Pharmacia LLC · Pharmacia & Upjohn Co. LLC

Named alongside Pfizer Inc. in the June 15, 2026 settlement order. The authorized-generic defendants (Prasco Laboratories, Greenstone LLC, and Viatris Inc.) were dismissed earlier in the litigation after submitting non-involvement affidavits.

Frequently Asked Questions

Has the Depo-Provera litigation settled?

The parties reported a global settlement in principle on June 15, 2026 and signed the Master Settlement Agreement on July 21, 2026. The terms are private and confidential. BrownGreer PLC is the Settlement Administrator, eligible claimants must register by November 30, 2026, and payments are expected to begin rolling out by the first quarter of 2027. Because this is an MDL rather than a class action, there is no court fairness review. The settlement does not resolve every case.

How much is the Depo-Provera settlement?

No settlement amount has been released. The agreement is private and confidential, and neither the total value nor any per-plaintiff amount has been made public. Pfizer's second-quarter 10-Q describes the terms as "not material to the Company's liquidity or financial condition" without disclosing an amount. We do not publish projected or estimated settlement figures, because doing so would not be grounded in any verified source.

Does the settlement cover every Depo-Provera case?

No. The agreement covers "a majority of the claims in the MDL and New York state court," and the parties estimate that about 80% of MDL plaintiffs are eligible, so it will not resolve every case. Under CMO 14, its no-fee administrative docket is open only to eligible claimants who signed with a lawyer on or before June 11, 2026. Plaintiffs who are ineligible because of their filing date ("Limitations") or diagnosis timing relative to last use ("Latency") are separate groups, and non-settling, ineligible and newly filed plaintiffs continue in the litigation.

Did Pfizer admit the drug caused brain tumors?

No. Pfizer has stated that the agreement contains no admission of liability or wrongdoing, that it intends to continue defending any remaining claims, and that it maintains Depo-Provera is safe and effective. Settling is not an admission of fault.

Can I still file a Depo-Provera lawsuit?

Yes, but the settlement's no-fee administrative docket is open only to eligible claimants who signed with a lawyer on or before June 11, 2026 (CMO 14). Under CMO 14, newly filed plaintiffs must send records-preservation notices within 60 days, serve case-specific expert reports within 90 days, mediate, and attend an in-person conference in Pensacola, and new filers diagnosed before March 27, 2024 must file a statute-of-limitations certification within 30 days. Deadlines to file vary by state, so anyone considering a claim should speak with a licensed attorney about the deadline that applies to them.

How long does it take for meningioma to develop from Depo-Provera?

According to the 2025 JAMA Neurology study, increased risk was primarily seen in patients with more than 4 years of exposure. Meningiomas are typically slow-growing tumors that can take years to develop and become symptomatic. Some women are diagnosed years after stopping Depo-Provera use. Timing can also matter legally: CMO 14 treats plaintiffs who are ineligible for the settlement because of diagnosis timing relative to last use as a separate "Latency" group.

Are all meningiomas from Depo-Provera cancerous?

No. Most meningiomas (Grade 1) are non-malignant (non-cancerous), though they can still cause serious symptoms depending on their location and size. Only Grade 3 meningiomas are considered malignant. However, even non-malignant meningiomas often require surgery—brain surgery carries significant risks regardless of whether the tumor is cancerous.

Why did the FDA wait until 2025 to add the warning?

This is a central question in the litigation. Plaintiffs allege that Pfizer knew or should have known about the meningioma risk earlier but delayed seeking label changes. The warning was added 33 years after initial approval and nearly 2 years after the key BMJ study was published in March 2024.

Can I still take Depo-Provera?

Depo-Provera remains FDA-approved and available. The decision to use it should be made with your healthcare provider after discussing the risks and benefits. The 2025 JAMA study calculated a "number needed to harm" of 1,152, meaning the absolute risk is relatively low. However, the new FDA warning advises discontinuation if meningioma is diagnosed.

Does it cost anything to file a lawsuit?

Most Depo-Provera attorneys work on a contingency fee basis, meaning they only get paid if you win or settle your case. The fee is typically a percentage of the recovery. Initial consultations are usually free, allowing you to understand your options without any upfront cost.

What does "preemption" mean in this lawsuit?

Pfizer's biggest defense argument is called "federal preemption." In simple terms, Pfizer is saying: "The FDA controlled what we could put on our drug label, so you can't sue us under state law for not warning about meningioma — we couldn't have added that warning without FDA approval." Plaintiffs counter that Pfizer could have asked the FDA for a label change years earlier and chose not to. The fact that the FDA approved a meningioma warning in December 2025 significantly weakens Pfizer's position. The court postponed its ruling on June 15, 2026 (PTO 30A), and under CMO 12 any ruling will apply only to ineligible plaintiffs and opt-outs, not to claims resolved through the settlement.

What is a Daubert hearing?

A Daubert hearing (named after a 1993 Supreme Court case) is where the judge acts as a gatekeeper for scientific evidence. Before expert testimony can be presented at trial, the judge must determine that the expert's methods are scientifically reliable. In this MDL, Pfizer is challenging the plaintiffs' experts who say Depo-Provera causes meningioma. The June 15, 2026 order moved the hearing from June 24-25 to July 27, 2026, but July 27 was held as the court's 12th case management conference instead. CMO 12 then set the general-causation hearing for September 18, 2026. Under CMO 12, causation and preemption rulings will apply only to plaintiffs who are ineligible for or opt out of the settlement.

What is a bellwether trial?

A bellwether trial is essentially a test run. Out of thousands of cases, a few are selected to go to trial first. The results don't technically apply to other cases, but they give both sides a preview of how juries will view the evidence. A big plaintiff verdict often leads to settlement negotiations. In this MDL, five bellwether trials were planned, starting with Toney v. Pfizer on December 7, 2026 — but the parties reached a global settlement in principle on June 15, 2026, before any test trial, and Judge Rodgers vacated the first trial's deadlines.

How does my individual case relate to the MDL?

Your case keeps its own identity, but what you need to do now depends on whether you are in the settlement. Eligible claimants who signed with a lawyer on or before June 11, 2026 must register by November 30, 2026 (CMO 14). Under CMO 14, non-settling, ineligible and newly filed plaintiffs must send records-preservation notices within 60 days, serve case-specific expert reports within 90 days, mediate, and attend an in-person conference in Pensacola. The court's preemption and causation rulings will apply only to ineligible plaintiffs and opt-outs (CMO 12). Your specific facts (how long you used Depo-Provera, the severity of your meningioma, your treatment history) still matter.

Understanding the Risk

Absolute vs. Relative Risk

While the studies show a 2-5x relative increase in risk, it's important to understand this in context. The JAMA Neurology study calculated:

Number Needed to Harm: 1,152

This means statistically, one additional meningioma case would be expected for every 1,152 patients using depot MPA compared to controls.

This does not diminish the serious harm suffered by those who developed meningioma, but it does explain why Depo-Provera remains available. The WHO continues to list injectable contraceptives on its Essential Medicines List, and for many women, the benefits of reliable contraception may outweigh the relatively small absolute risk.

Sources & References

19 official sources cited

• FDA Prescribing Information for Depo-Provera CI, December 12, 2025 (NDA 020246, Supplement 74)

• Roland N, et al. BMJ. 2024;384:e078078 (PMID: 38537944)

• Xiao T, et al. JAMA Neurol. 2025;82(11):1094-1102 (PMID: 40892397)

• Price M, et al. CBTRUS Statistical Report. Neuro Oncol. 2024;26(Suppl 6):vi1-vi85 (PMID: 39371035)

• NCI-CONNECT, Meningioma: Diagnosis and Treatment (cancer.gov)

• Northern District of Florida, MDL-3140 Official Court Page

• JPML MDL Statistics Reports, March 2025-October 2026

• Case Management Order No. 10 (January 26, 2026, N.D. Fla.)

• Case Management Order No. 11 (March 7, 2026, N.D. Fla.)

• Pretrial Order No. 30, Application of Rulings on Preemption and Rule 702 Motions (January 27, 2026, N.D. Fla.)

• Pretrial Order No. 31, Plaintiff Leadership Reappointments (March 20, 2026, N.D. Fla.)

• Order re: Global Settlement in Principle, In re: Depo-Provera (Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate) Products Liability Litigation, MDL No. 3140, No. 3:25-md-03140 (N.D. Fla. June 15, 2026) — bellwether deadlines vacated; Rule 702 hearing reset

• Law360, coverage of the June 15, 2026 Depo-Provera MDL settlement filing and Pfizer statement (June 2026)

• Pretrial Order No. 30A (ECF 661, June 15, 2026, N.D. Fla.) — preemption ruling postponed; Rule 702 hearing moved from June 24-25 to July 27

• Case Management Order No. 12 (ECF 701, following the July 27, 2026 conference, N.D. Fla.)

• Case Management Order No. 13 (August 5, 2026, N.D. Fla.) — Settlement Administrator

• Case Management Order No. 14 (ECF 738, August 10, 2026, N.D. Fla.) — registration deadline and stay

• Common Benefit Order No. 2 (August 28, 2026) and Case Management Orders No. 15–17 (September 4, 2026), N.D. Fla.

• Pfizer Inc., Form 10-Q, second quarter 2026

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