MDLs Terminated in 2025
A comprehensive record of the 30 multidistrict litigations that reached conclusion in 2025, representing over $8.5+ billion in combined settlements. The year marked the closure of history's largest mass tort—the 3M Combat Arms Earplug MDL with 391,221 cases.
Landmark Cases
3M Combat Arms Earplug Products Liability Litigation
Largest Mass Tort in U.S. History
The most significant mass tort resolution ever, concluding in September 2025. At its peak, this single MDL represented approximately 30% of all federal civil litigation nationwide, with 391,221 claimants alleging defective dual-ended earplugs caused hearing damage in military veterans.
Key events: 3M lost 10 of 16 bellwether trials with verdicts up to $110 million. After attempting a controversial "Texas Two-Step" bankruptcy in 2022 (offering only $1B), the strategy was rejected and 3M ultimately paid six times its initial offer.
Settlement status: By late 2025, $2.78 billion had been disbursed with 99% of Expedited Pay Program claimants fully paid (avg. ~$10,300 each).
DuPont C-8 Personal Injury Litigation
The Blueprint for "Forever Chemicals" Litigation
Foundational PFOA contamination case arising from DuPont's Washington Works plant in West Virginia, where the company dumped over 7,100 tons of PFOA-laced sludge. This case established the Science Panel methodology that became the blueprint for PFAS litigation nationwide.
Legacy: The $30M epidemiological study established "Probable Links" between PFOA and six diseases—a methodology now used in the massive AFFF MDL (15,000+ cases, $15B in settlements).
Dicamba Herbicides Litigation
Agricultural "Ecological Disaster" Settlement
Monsanto/Bayer and BASF settled claims of creating an ecological disaster by releasing dicamba-tolerant seeds before EPA approval of corresponding low-volatility herbicides. The resulting drift damaged non-resistant crops across millions of acres.
January 2021 Short Squeeze Trading Litigation
GameStop/Robinhood — Complete Defeat for Retail Investors
Complete defeat for retail investors challenging Robinhood's January 2021 trading restrictions during the GameStop frenzy. The Eleventh Circuit ruled Robinhood "had the right to do exactly what it did" under its customer agreement.
Significance: Established that financial institutions can protect themselves through customer agreements with broad discretionary authority, and courts will not imply fiduciary obligations beyond contract terms.
Major Settlements
FCA EcoDiesel Emissions
Ram 1500 and Jeep Grand Cherokee diesel emissions fraud. Owners received $3,075 cash plus extended warranties.
AutomotiveSuboxone Antitrust
Anticompetitive "product hopping" from tablets to patented film to block generics. Reached days before trial.
AntitrustBroiler Chicken Grower
Largest recovery ever for growers against chicken processors. 24,000+ farmers compensated for wage-fixing.
AntitrustLipitor Antitrust
Pay-for-delay agreements blocking generic competition for the blockbuster cholesterol drug.
AntitrustDealer Management Systems
CDK Global and Reynolds settled price-fixing claims from thousands of auto dealerships.
AntitrustFieldTurf Artificial Turf
1,200+ fields received defective "Duraspine" turf from $570M in installations (2005-2012).
MarketingDefense Victories
Rail Freight Fuel Surcharge Antitrust
Complete victory for BNSF, Union Pacific, CSX, and Norfolk Southern after 18 years. Judge found shippers could not prove coordination vs. independent parallel behavior in a tight oligopoly.
Shippers have appealed; oral arguments expected 2026.
Society Insurance COVID-19 Business Interruption
Summary judgment for insurer—emblematic of the broader failure of pandemic business interruption claims nationwide. 34+ lawsuits from six Midwestern states dismissed.
"Physical loss or damage" didn't cover pandemic closures.
FCA Monostable Gearshift
Defense victory despite jury finding defect. The gearshift was linked to 266+ rollaways including actor Anton Yelchin's death in 2016. Court ruled recall addressed the issue.
Plaintiffs sanctioned; Chrysler awarded attorney fees.
LDS Church Tithing
Dismissed with prejudice. Judge ruled plaintiffs filed too late and failed to adequately plead fraud claims regarding the church's $100+ billion investment holdings.
Statute of limitations barred claims.
By Case Type
Complete List
| MDL # | Case Name | Type | Outcome | Settlement | Closed | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2895 | Sensipar Antitrust Litigation | Antitrust | Ongoing | — | Oct 14, 2025 | 6 |
| 2820 | Dicamba Herbicides Litigation | Agricultural | Settlement | Up to $400 million | Oct 9, 2025 | 7 |
| 2445 | Suboxone Antitrust Litigation | Antitrust | Settlement | $577.5 million | Oct 6, 2025 | 12 |
| 3090 | Fortra File Transfer Software Data Breach Litigation | Data Breach | Settlement | $27 million | Oct 1, 2025 | 2 |
| 2885 | 3M Combat Arms Earplug Products Liability Litigation 3M Combat Arms Earplugs MDL | Products Liability | Settlement | $6.01 billion | Sep 22, 2025 | 6 |
| 2833 | FedLoan Student Loan Servicing Litigation | Consumer Financial | Withdrawn | — | Aug 21, 2025 | 7 |
| 2903 | Fisher-Price Rock 'n Play Sleeper Litigation | Consumer Safety | Settlement | — | Aug 21, 2025 | 6 |
| 3038 | Ozempic (Semaglutide) Patent Litigation | Patent | Settlement | Confidential | Aug 5, 2025 | 3 |
| 2964 | Society Insurance COVID-19 Business Interruption Litigation | Insurance | Defense Victory | — | Aug 1, 2025 | 5 |
| 2989 | January 2021 Short Squeeze Trading Litigation GameStop/Robinhood Litigation | Securities | Defense Victory | — | Jul 25, 2025 | 4 |
| 3093 | Pipe Flashing Patent Litigation | Patent | Settlement | Confidential | Jul 11, 2025 | 2 |
| 2925 | Rail Freight Fuel Surcharge Antitrust Litigation (No. II) | Antitrust | Defense Victory | — | Jul 10, 2025 | 5 |
| 1869 | Rail Freight Fuel Surcharge Antitrust Litigation | Antitrust | Defense Victory | — | Jul 8, 2025 | 18 |
| 2777 | Chrysler-Dodge-Jeep EcoDiesel Litigation | Automotive | Settlement | Up to $884 million | Jul 8, 2025 | 8 |
| 3059 | Beyond Meat Protein Content Marketing Litigation | Marketing | Settlement | $7.5 million | Jun 18, 2025 | 2 |
| 3102 | LDS Church Tithing Litigation | Consumer | Dismissed | — | Apr 21, 2025 | 1 |
| 2945 | Ahern Rentals Trade Secret Litigation | Trade Secret | Settlement | — | Apr 10, 2025 | 5 |
| 2949 | Profemur Hip Implant Products Liability Litigation | Medical Device | Settlement | — | Apr 10, 2025 | 5 |
| 2642 | Fluoroquinolone Products Liability Litigation | Pharmaceutical | Settlement | Confidential | Apr 7, 2025 | 10 |
| 2936 | Smitty's/CAM2 303 Tractor Hydraulic Fluid Litigation | Products Liability | Settlement | — | Apr 2, 2025 | 5 |
| 2817 | Dealer Management Systems Antitrust Litigation | Antitrust | Settlement | $129.5 million | Mar 11, 2025 | 7 |
| 2433 | DuPont C-8 Personal Injury Litigation DuPont PFOA Litigation | Products Liability | Settlement | $812 million+ | Feb 25, 2025 | 12 |
| 2744 | FCA US LLC Monostable Electronic Gearshift Litigation | Automotive | Defense Victory | — | Feb 19, 2025 | 9 |
| 2988 | All-Clad Metalcrafters Cookware Marketing Litigation | Marketing | Settlement | Up to $6 million | Feb 19, 2025 | 4 |
| 2977 | Broiler Chicken Grower Antitrust Litigation (No. II) | Antitrust | Settlement | $169 million | Jan 29, 2025 | 4 |
| 3056 | Overby-Seawell Company Data Security Breach Litigation | Data Breach | Settlement | $6 million | Jan 29, 2025 | 2 |
| 3009 | Seresto Flea and Tick Collar Litigation | Consumer | Settlement | $15 million | Jan 23, 2025 | 4 |
| 2332 | Lipitor Antitrust Litigation | Antitrust | Settlement | $145 million | Jan 21, 2025 | 13 |
| 2504 | Amazon.com Fulfillment Center FLSA Litigation | Employment | Settlement | $11.1 million | Jan 13, 2025 | 11 |
| 2779 | FieldTurf Artificial Turf Marketing Litigation | Marketing | Settlement | $50 million+ | Jan 13, 2025 | 8 |
Sensipar Antitrust Litigation
Discovery and appeals continue despite formal termination. Case involves pay-for-delay allegations related to the kidney disease drug.
Dicamba Herbicides Litigation
Monsanto/Bayer and BASF settled claims of creating an 'ecological disaster' by releasing dicamba-tolerant seeds before EPA approval. The landmark Bader Farms bellwether verdict originally awarded $265 million.
Suboxone Antitrust Litigation
Largest pharmaceutical antitrust recovery in 2025. Indivior and Reckitt Benckiser settled claims of anticompetitive 'product hopping'—switching the opioid addiction treatment from tablets to a patented film formulation to block generics.
Fortra File Transfer Software Data Breach Litigation
Settlement for January 2023 Clop ransomware attack exploiting GoAnywhere MFT software, affecting 5 million individuals across 130 organizations.
3M Combat Arms Earplug Products Liability Litigation
3M Combat Arms Earplugs MDL
The most significant mass tort resolution ever. At its peak, this single MDL represented approximately 30% of all federal civil litigation nationwide. 3M lost 10 of 16 bellwether trials before settling.
FedLoan Student Loan Servicing Litigation
CFPB withdrew its lawsuit against PHEAA in February 2025 following administrative changes, though Massachusetts AG settlements provided relief to 200,000+ borrowers.
Fisher-Price Rock 'n Play Sleeper Litigation
Claims related to infant deaths and injuries from the inclined sleeper product recalled in 2019 after being linked to over 30 infant deaths.
Ozempic (Semaglutide) Patent Litigation
Novo Nordisk reached confidential settlements with all major generic challengers including Mylan, Dr. Reddy's, and Sun Pharmaceuticals. Settlements protect Ozempic's market exclusivity through December 2031.
Society Insurance COVID-19 Business Interruption Litigation
Summary judgment for insurer—emblematic of the broader failure of pandemic business interruption claims nationwide. Consolidated lawsuits from businesses in six Midwestern states.
January 2021 Short Squeeze Trading Litigation
GameStop/Robinhood Litigation
Complete defeat for retail investors challenging Robinhood's January 2021 trading restrictions during the GameStop frenzy. The Eleventh Circuit ruled Robinhood 'had the right to do exactly what it did' under its customer agreement.
Pipe Flashing Patent Litigation
Rail Freight Fuel Surcharge Antitrust Litigation (No. II)
Related case to MDL 1869 involving subsequent time period of alleged price-fixing. Same defense victory outcome.
Rail Freight Fuel Surcharge Antitrust Litigation
Complete defense victory for the nation's four largest freight railroads after 18 years of price-fixing allegations. Judge Howell granted summary judgment, finding plaintiffs lacked evidence that railroads coordinated fuel surcharge formulas rather than acting independently.
Chrysler-Dodge-Jeep EcoDiesel Litigation
Settlement for Ram 1500 and Jeep Grand Cherokee owners with 3.0L diesel engines containing undisclosed defeat devices. Owners received $3,075 cash plus emissions modifications and extended warranties.
Beyond Meat Protein Content Marketing Litigation
Consumer claims regarding protein content marketing for plant-based meat products.
LDS Church Tithing Litigation
Dismissed with prejudice. Judge Shelby ruled plaintiffs filed too late (statute of limitations) and failed to adequately plead fraud claims regarding the church's $100+ billion investment holdings.
Ahern Rentals Trade Secret Litigation
Profemur Hip Implant Products Liability Litigation
Fluoroquinolone Products Liability Litigation
Over 1,260 peripheral neuropathy cases resolved through confidential individual settlements with Johnson & Johnson, Bayer, and Merck. J&J alone settled more than 800 cases.
Smitty's/CAM2 303 Tractor Hydraulic Fluid Litigation
Dealer Management Systems Antitrust Litigation
$100 million from CDK Global and $29.5 million from Reynolds and Reynolds for thousands of auto dealerships alleging price-fixing for dealer software services.
DuPont C-8 Personal Injury Litigation
DuPont PFOA Litigation
Foundational PFOA contamination case arising from DuPont's Washington Works plant in West Virginia. Established the 'Science Panel' methodology that became the blueprint for subsequent PFAS litigation nationwide.
FCA US LLC Monostable Electronic Gearshift Litigation
Defense victory despite jury finding the monostable shifter was defective. The defect was linked to 266+ rollaway crashes and the death of actor Anton Yelchin in 2016.
All-Clad Metalcrafters Cookware Marketing Litigation
Consumer claims regarding marketing representations for All-Clad cookware products.
Broiler Chicken Grower Antitrust Litigation (No. II)
Believed to be the largest recovery ever for growers against chicken processing companies. Over 24,000 chicken farmers received compensation for wage-fixing and no-poach agreements.
Overby-Seawell Company Data Security Breach Litigation
Seresto Flea and Tick Collar Litigation
Settlement after USA Today investigations linked the collars to 75,000 adverse pet health reactions and approximately 2,500 pet deaths. Payments ranged from $13 per collar to $300 for pet death claims.
Lipitor Antitrust Litigation
Combined settlements with Pfizer and Ranbaxy for alleged pay-for-delay agreements that blocked generic competition for the blockbuster cholesterol drug.
Amazon.com Fulfillment Center FLSA Litigation
California warehouse workers received settlement for mandatory security screening time after federal claims were eliminated by Supreme Court's 2014 Integrity Staffing ruling.
FieldTurf Artificial Turf Marketing Litigation
Resolution for 1,200+ athletic fields that received defective 'Duraspine' artificial turf from $570 million in installations between 2005-2012.
Data Sources
Case termination data sourced from the United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation (JPML) MDL Statistics Reports. Settlement amounts compiled from court filings, SEC disclosures, and verified news reporting.
- • JPML: Recently Terminated MDLs (Jan 1 – Dec 2, 2025)
- • 3M SEC Form 8-K: Combat Arms Settlement ($6.01B)
Settlement amounts may include cash, stock, extended warranties, or other compensation as structured in court-approved agreements.
Attorney Advertising. The information on this page is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. No attorney-client relationship is formed by reading this content. Results in MDL cases vary widely; past results do not guarantee future outcomes. If you believe you have a legal claim, consult a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction.